Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development (AJPRD) is a new online international journal allowing free unlimited access to abstract and Full text. The journal is devoted to the promotion of pharmaceutical sciences and related disciplines. It seeks particularly (but not exclusively) to encourage pharmaceutical and allied research of tropical relevance and to foster multidisciplinary research and collaboration among scientists, the pharmaceutical industry and health the health care professionals. It will also provide an international plate form for the communication and evaluation of data, methods and findings in pharmaceutical sciences and related disciplines. Although primarily devoted to original research papers, the journal welcomes reviews on current topics of special interest and relevance.
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EU MDR Regulatory Update and Compliance Strategies
The formation of the European Union (EU) medical device regulatory framework was largely driven by significant public health crises, including the thalidomide tragedy of the 1950s and 1960s, which revealed the dangers of insufficient oversight in both pharmaceuticals and medical devices. In response, the EU introduced a series of directives, starting with the Medical Device Directive (MDD) in 1993, aimed at harmonizing regulations across member states and ensuring patient safety. Early challenges in these regulations, such as insufficient clinical data and weak post-market surveillance, led to ongoing revisions, particularly as medical technology evolved. The thalidomide disaster highlighted the need for stringent, independent oversight, pushing the EU toward more rigorous standards for clinical evidence, post-market monitoring, and oversight of Notified Bodies independent organizations that assess device conformity.Subsequent medical device failures, such as the PIP breast implant scandal and issues with metal-on-metal hip implants, further exposed gaps in regulation. These prompted the introduction of the Medical Device Regulation (MDR) in 2017, emphasizing enhanced clinical evidence, stricter post-market surveillance, and greater transparency. Key provisions include device classification based on risk, mandatory Unique Device Identification (UDI) for traceability, and a centralized database (EUDAMED) for improved visibility. This ongoing regulatory evolution ensures the safety and efficacy of medical devices across the EU, responding to technological advances and increasing public demand for stronger protections in healthcare.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bitrai Chinmai, Prasanthi D http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 Shweta Santosh Balkawade, Dr. Sheetal B. Gosavi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Evolution of Human Healthcare System: From Ancient Practice to Modern Medicine
Copyright (c) 2025 Gite Anamika, Gaware Vinayak, Thorat Sneha http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Stem Cell Therapy Used For Treatment of Heart Disease
Heart disease continues to be the foremost cause of death globally, largely due to the heart’s limited capacity for self-repair following injury. Conventional treatments, such as pharmacological therapy, mechanical support, and surgical interventions, primarily manage symptoms and slow disease progression but cannot regenerate damaged myocardium. In recent years, stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising regenerative strategy aimed at restoring cardiac structure and function. Various stem cell types—including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs)—have shown potential to promote myocardial regeneration through differentiation into cardiomyocytes, stimulation of angiogenesis, and paracrine signaling mechanisms. Preclinical studies have demonstrated improved ventricular function and reduced infarct size, while clinical trials have reported modest yet encouraging functional recovery in patients with ischemic heart disease. However, several challenges limit widespread clinical application, including poor cell survival and engraftment, immune rejection, risk of arrhythmogenesis and tumorigenicity, and ethical concerns regarding cell sources. Recent advances in tissue engineering, gene editing, and exosome-based cell-free therapies may help overcome these limitations. This review highlights the current progress, therapeutic potential, and major challenges of stem cell-based therapies in cardiac repair, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols and long-term clinical evaluation to achieve safe and effective translation into clinical practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahale Nikita S, Chothave Sayali J, Muthe Sakshi S, Barokar Pooja G, Kapadi Suvarna S http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Good Manufacturing Practices and Documentation in Pharmaceutical Production: A Comprehensive Review
Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and thorough documentation systems are the backbone of pharmaceutical manufacturing. They ensure that every medicine produced meets strict quality, safety, and efficacy standards that patients depend on. This paper explores how GMP compliance and documentation work together in pharmaceutical production, looking at their regulatory basis, real-world applications, and strategic value in today's manufacturing landscape.The pharmaceutical industry faces unique pressures. When quality fails, patients suffer. That is why GMP exists-not as bureaucratic red tape, but as a systematic framework ensuring that medicines are made right, every single time. GMP covers everything from how facilities are designed and maintained to how employees are trained and how processes are validated.This review examines GMP fundamentals and documentation requirements across global regulatory systems. We analyze frameworks like the FDA's 21 CFR Part 211, the European Union's EudraLex Volume 4, ICH guidelines (Q7 and Q10), and WHO standards. We also dive into practical implementation-how to create effective Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), maintain batch records, manage deviations, and handle electronic documentation systems. The paper also addresses evolving data integrity standards like ALCOA+ and how quality management principles like risk assessment and continuous improvement integrate into pharmaceutical operations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pallavi Gorukanti, Satheesh Jogala, Narender Boggula, Sucharitha Makula http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Phyllanthus Emblica as A Preventive Supplement for Viral Pandemic: From Traditional Use to Clinical Research
Phyllanthus emblica Linn., commonly known as Indian gooseberry or Amla, is one of the most valued medicinal plants in traditional Indian medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. It is rich in vitamin C, polyphenols, alkaloids, and tannins, which contribute to its diverse pharmacological properties including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and antidiabetic activities. Recent studies have demonstrated that bioactive compounds such as phyllaemblicin B, phyllaemblinol, and phyllaemblicin G7 exhibit strong binding affinities to key SARS-CoV-2 proteins, suggesting potential therapeutic value in viral infections. Traditional and modern pharmacological evidence highlights Amla efficacy in enhancing immunity and managing disorders like respiratory infections, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and oxidative stress-related conditions. A randomized controlled clinical trial in COVID-19 patients revealed that adjunct therapy with Amla significantly reduced hospital stay, improved oxygen saturation, and alleviated symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath, without adverse effects. These findings substantiate its role as a safe and effective preventive supplement during viral pandemics. However, larger multicentric trials and mechanistic studies are needed to validate its clinical efficacy and establish dosage guidelines. This review compiles traditional knowledge, phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, and clinical research evidence on Phyllanthus emblica to explore its potential as a preventive and therapeutic supplement for viral pandemics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nikita S. Wable, Dr. Sachin B. Somwanshi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Transferosomes: A Next-Generation Ultra-Deformable Vesicular System Structure, Mechanism, and Future Prospects
Targeted Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS), also known as smart drug delivery systems, are designed to increase drug concentration at specific target sites while minimizing systemic exposure. Among various vesicular carriers, transferosomes have emerged as highly effective for dermal and transdermal drug delivery. Transferosomes are ultra-deformable vesicles composed of phospholipids and edge activators that enable them to penetrate the stratum corneum through narrow pores, driven by the osmotic gradient between skin layers. Their unique elasticity and hydration-driven mobility facilitate enhanced permeation and controlled drug release.Transferosomes can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, providing high entrapment efficiency, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. They improve bioavailability, reduce first-pass metabolism, and minimize toxicity. However, high production costs, formulation instability, and phospholipid purity issues remain significant challenges.Several preparation techniques, including thin-film hydration, rotary evaporation, and ethanol injection, yield vesicles with desirable size and stability. Characterization involves determining entrapment efficiency, vesicle morphology, zeta potential, in vitro release, and skin permeation. Transferosomes have been successfully employed in delivering anticancer agents, proteins, peptides, insulin, corticosteroids, and antifungal drugs with enhanced therapeutic outcomes.Despite certain drawbacks, transferosomes represent a promising and versatile carrier for non-invasive and site-specific drug delivery. Their superior permeability, controlled release, and compatibility with both synthetic and natural drugs make them a significant advancement in transdermal nanocarrier systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sameer Shafi, Shivlila Swami, Pranita Waghmare, Ankita Gadhave, Madhuri Damane http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Artificial Intelligence Drug Discovery and Development
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into drug discovery and development has revolutionized the pharmaceutical landscape by enabling faster, cost-effective, and data-driven innovations. Traditional drug discovery methods are time-consuming and expensive, often requiring over a decade and billions of dollars to bring a new drug to market. AI technologies such as Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and Natural Language Processing (NLP) significantly enhance each stage of the drug discovery pipeline—from target identification and virtual screening to lead optimization, toxicity prediction, and clinical trial design. By analyzing complex biological, chemical, and clinical datasets, AI facilitates the discovery of novel therapeutic targets, predicts molecular interactions, and improves drug safety and efficacy. Moreover, generative AI models accelerate de novo drug design, while AI-driven analytics enable personalized medicine and drug repurposing. Despite challenges such as data bias, interpretability, and regulatory constraints, AI’s transformative potential continues to reshape pharmaceutical research, offering a faster, more efficient, and precise approach to developing next-generation therapeutics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Subedar Ikra A, Bhandare Sangita N. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Nanosponges in Modern Pharmaceutics: A Comprehensive Review on Structure, Functionality, and Future Directions
Nanosponges (NSs) are an emerging class of porous polymeric nanocarriers that have revolutionized the field of drug delivery by offering enhanced solubility, stability, and controlled release of therapeutic agents. Structurally, they consist of three-dimensional hyper-cross-linked polymer networks with nano-sized cavities capable of encapsulating both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Cyclodextrin-based NSs, in particular, have gained prominence due to their ability to form inclusion complexes, improving drug bioavailability and reducing adverse effects. These carriers provide significant advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and high loading efficiency, making them superior to traditional nanocarriers.Various synthesis techniquesincluding solvent evaporation, ultrasound-assisted synthesis, melt method, and quasi-emulsion solvent diffusionenable tunable physicochemical properties for desired drug delivery applications.NSs have demonstrated promising potential in oral, topical, transdermal, pulmonary, and targeted drug delivery systems. Their ability to provide sustained and site-specific release makes them particularly valuable in cancer therapy, antifungal treatments, and antimicrobial drug formulations. Furthermore, the incorporation of NSs into hydrogels or composite systems has opened new possibilities for wound healing and cosmetic formulations. Current research is directed toward developing stimuliresponsive and ligand-functionalized NSs to achieve smart, targeted delivery.The future scope of NSs lies in the development of herbal NS systems, multi-drug delivery platforms, and environmentally responsive nanocarriers for precision therapeutics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sameer Shafi, Waghmare Pranita, Swami Shivlila, Gadhave Ankita, Damane Madhuri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Edible Plant Based Sensors for Real Time Health Monitoring
Edible plant‑based biosensors represent an emerging paradigm in non-invasive and sustainable health diagnostics. Leveraging food-grade materials such as plant-derived polymers (cellulose, pectin, starch), natural pigments (anthocyanins, chlorophyll, betalains), and edible enzymes (e.g. glucose oxidase), these ingestible systems detect physiological parameters—including gut glucose, pH, oxidative stress, and microbial activity—via colorimetric or electrochemical signals. This approach converts biomolecular interactions into quantifiable outputs through edible electrodes (e.g., activated charcoal paste), biofuel-cell energy harvesting, and RFID-like wireless telemetry. The sensors are biologically safe, biodegradable, and compatible with FDA/EFSA guidelines, providing real-time monitoring without surgical intervention. Potential applications span diabetes management, gut health diagnostics, stress and hydration monitoring, nutrient absorption profiling, foodborne pathogen detection, and precision nutrition. Key challenges include ensuring structural and functional stability in harsh gastric environments (low pH, high viscosity, peristalsis), preserving enzymatic activity during storage and digestion, scalable manufacturing of miniaturized devices, and navigating regulatory approval pathways. While many prototypes remain at proof-of-concept or preclinical stages, recent advances in eco‑friendly conductive pastes and edible microlasers signal progress toward clinical viability. Integrating these biosensors with IoT and AI platforms could enable seamless health tracking pipelines. With further research in material innovation, bioelectronic design, and clinical validation, edible plant‑based biosensors could redefine future healthcare by offering patient-friendly, eco‑conscious, and real-time internal monitoring tools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Drisya M K, Fousiya K, Akshaya Rajan P http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Link Between Menstrual Hygiene And Urinary Tract Infection
Menstrual health problems affect a significant portion of the global female population, yet menstrual hygiene has long been overlooked as a critical public health concern. Menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) encompass not only the absence of disease but also the physical, mental, and social well-being associated with the menstrual cycle. Adolescent girls and women, particularly in low-resource settings, face challenges in maintaining proper menstrual hygiene due to limited access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities, lack of affordable absorbent materials, insufficient education, and inadequate social support. These conditions increase the risk of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Across different regions, menstrual hygiene practices are shaped by socioeconomic status, cultural beliefs, and educational background. In India, the reuse of cloths without proper cleaning especially in rural areas further elevates infection risks. Poor menstrual hygiene management (MHM), including inadequate sanitation, lack of private washing areas, and improper disposal of used materials, contributes to the spread of infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), RTIs, and UTIs. Promoting proper menstrual hygiene practices and improving access to menstrual health resources are essential to enhancing women’s overall reproductive health and reducing infection-related complications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Thorat Sneha A, Dr. Gaware Vinayak M, GiteAnamika C http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Comprehensive Review of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Mechanisms, Materials, and Modern Innovations
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS) provide an innovative and non-invasive route for controlled and sustained drug administration through the skin. This review highlights the historical development, formulation components, classification, evaluation parameters, and regulatory perspectives of TDDS. Advantages such as bypassing first-pass metabolism, maintaining consistent plasma levels, and improving patient compliance are emphasized, along with challenges like limited permeability and skin irritation. Furthermore, emerging technologies including nanocarriers, molecularly imprinted polymers, microneedles, and 3D-printed systems are discussed for their potential to enhance drug permeation and therapeutic efficacy. Overall, TDDS continue to evolve as efficient, patient-oriented alternatives to conventional dosage forms.
Copyright (c) 2025 Patil Vaishnavi D, Dr. Gosavi Sheetal B http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Bioanalytical study by HPLC for Quantification of Drug in Plasma Blood Concentration
Bioanalytical quantification plays a vital role in pharmaceutical, clinical, and toxicological biological matrices such as plasma, serum, urine, and tissues. These measurements support the evaluation of pharmacokinetic (ADME) behavior, therapeutic effectiveness, and drug safety. However, biological matrices contain numerous endogenous substances that can introduce matrix effects, affecting extraction efficiency, chromatographic separation, and detector response, thereby reducing accuracy and sensitivity. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a highly reliable analytical technique widely used for the separation and quantification of analytes in complex samples due to its superior selectivity, precision, and reproducibility. Method development in HPLC involves careful selection of stationary and mobile phases, optimization of chromatographic conditions, and appropriate detection strategies such as UV, fluorescence, and LC–MS/MS. Robust sample preparation methods—including protein precipitation, liquid–liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction—are essential to minimize matrix interference and enhance analytical performance. Regulatory validation ensures compliance with accuracy, precision, linearity, stability, and selectivity requirements for routine application in bioanalysis. Continuous advancements in UHPLC, hyphenated techniques, automation, and green analytical approaches are further improving throughput, sensitivity, and sustainability. Thus, HPLC-based bioanalytical quantification remains indispensable for drug development, therapeutic drug monitoring, and personalized medicine.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vaishnavi A Shirsath, DR. Kaveri M Nannor, Pallavi k Danke, Rutuja D Khare, Sakshi B Vanjul http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Role of Dietary Nutraceuticals in Modulating Gut Microbiota and Gene Expression
Nutraceuticals, originating from phytochemicals and bioactive food components, present an emerging field with promise for health promotion and disease prevention. They serve as a bridge between nutrition and pharmaceuticals for therapeutic benefits, which can include enhance mentsto metabolic function, immune modulation, and chronic disease prevention. The components of nutraceuticals, including, but not limited to, dietary fibres, probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, not only positively impact health throughout the body, but they also have active, or passive effects on gut microbiota (a unique microbial ecosystem where key aspects of human physiology operate).The gut microbiome is critical for digestion, immunity, neuro regulation, and modulation of disease processes, and can be altered through dietary means. Nutraceuticals have potential therapeutic value in obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and neuro degeneration, in part by influencing gut microbiota composition and/or function. An evolving array of omics technologies and machine learning is advancing knowledge on personal nutrition and diet- microbiome interactions. Barriers still exist, for example, the selection of a regulatory body and the standardization of products recognized as nutraceuticals, inter-individual differences and variability in response, and the need to develop systems and metrics to ensure clinical validity. In summary, the fields of nutrigenomics, artificial intelligence, and personalized medicine are advancing the future of functional foods and health-driven dietary shifts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Drisya Mk, E. Aswathi, Merlin A John http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pharmacogenomics of Anticancer Medicines: Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives
Pharmacogenomics has become a vital tool in oncology, guiding the selection and dosing of anticancer medicines based on genetic makeup. Genetic variations in drug- metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and target genes play a pivotal role in determining therapeutic response and toxicity [1]. This review summarizes current understanding of pharmacogenomics in cancer treatment, highlighting key mechanisms, biomarkers, and clinical applications [2]. It also discusses challenges in implementing pharmacogenomics in routine practice, particularly in developing countries, and suggests future directions for integrating pharmacogenomics into personalized medicine strategies [3].
Copyright (c) 2025 Devarajan S, Gayathri A, Dr.Shri Vijaya Kirubha T http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Biochemical Properties and Multifunctional Applications of Galactomannan Derived From Trigonella Foenum-Graecum
Galactomannan is an important biological and functional ingredient of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds. It is the primary storage polysaccharide in the endosperm, providing a significant source of energy for germination and early seedling development. Fenugreek galactomannan, which is structurally made of a mannose backbone with galactose side chains, is distinguished by its comparatively high galactose-to-mannose ratio, which boosts its solubility in water and aids the production of a smooth, viscous mucilage when the seeds are hydrated. This mucilage helps the seed retain moisture, protects it from dehydration, and acts as a physical barrier to mechanical harm, making it critical for seed survival in natural environments. Galactomannan is appreciated in human nutrition as a soluble dietary fiber with a variety of health benefits. Its capacity to increase intestinal viscosity slows carbohydrate digestion and absorption, hence regulating postprandial blood glucose levels. By delaying stomach emptying, it enhances fullness, which may aid in appetite control and weight management. Furthermore, galactomannan can bind bile acids and limit cholesterol absorption, resulting in better lipid profiles. Because of its physiological benefits, fenugreek galactomannan is a popular ingredient in nutraceutical formulations that promote metabolic and cardiovascular health. Because of its good rheological qualities, fenugreek galactomannan is used in the industrial sector as a natural thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier. Its high solubility and ability to form uniform gels make it helpful in foods, beverages, and pharmaceutical preparations, including controlled-release drug delivery systems. Overall, galactomannan is essential to both the biological activity of fenugreek seeds and the variety of nutritional and industrial applications associated with them.
Copyright (c) 2025 V.Ragul, A.Priyadharshini, S.Manoranjit, A.Jagadeesa, S. Raman, S.Chandru http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Two Case Reports of Moderate covid-19 With Chronic Co-Morbidities Treated Through Ayurveda Medicines
COVID-19 or SARS-COV-2 is caused due to the strain of corona virus characterized by respiratory and other systemic illness such as cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fever, tiredness, loss of taste and smell, myalgia, diarrhea, abdominal pain.It is a medical public health emergency declared by WHO in January 2020. As such no specific treatment is available for this disease.Symptomatic and supportive treatment like antiviral, corticosteroids, anticoagulants,vitamin supplements and mechanical ventilation are applied in conventional treatment.Ayurveda science also offers measures the patient to relieve symptoms as well as cure the asymptomatic patient or patient with mild symptoms. The patients who get the severe illness with co-morbidity requires tertiary care from the beginning itself but can also be co-prescribed with Ayurveda medicines in order to reduce the mortality and to buy the more time to have intensive management. The authors reportedtwo moderate cases of COVID-19 having one or more chronic co-morbidities treated successfully with Ayurvedic therapeutic approach. Significant improvements were noticed in the symptoms like fever, breathlessness, cough & lethargy after Ayurvedic treatment was added. Both of the patients got the negative result of SARS-COV-2 by the 10th day of the ayurvedic treatment though both of them had co-morbidities. One had hypertension and cardiac arrhythmia while another one had bronchial asthma.
Copyright (c) 2025 Miti Virani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pharmacological Insights into Curcumin: From Traditional Remeadyto Modern Therapeutic Agents
Curcumin is the main active compound found in turmeric, which comes from the plant Curcuma longa.It has been used in Indian medicine and cooking for a long time because of its many health benefits. Modern research shows that curcumin has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, and anticancer properties. These effects happen because curcumin affects various molecules and pathways in the body, such as NF-κB, TLR4, and inflammatory chemicals like IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Even though curcumin is promising for treatment, its use is limited by poor absorption in the body due to low solubility, quick metabolism, and fast removal. Recent developments in drug delivery systems, like nanoemulsions and nanoparticles, have improved its stability and uptake. Curcumin is considered safe in humans and animals, and it's being used in both traditional medicine and modern medical treatments. This summary covers curcumin’s structure, how it works in the body, its health effects, ways to improve its use, its safety, and its medical applications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Thorat Sakshi S, Jadhav Diksha N. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic condition that affects multiple body systems. It is marked by distinctive facial features, delayed growth, limb differences, and a wide range of cognitive and behavioral challenges. First identified in 1933 by Dutch pediatrician Cornelia de Lange, the syndrome occurs in roughly 1 in 10,000 to 30,000 live births. The severity of CdLS varies widely, from classic, clearly recognizable cases to milder or atypical forms with subtler features. The disorder is mainly caused by mutations in genes related to the cohesin complex—such as NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, HDAC8, BRD4, ANKRD11, and MAU2—which disrupt gene regulation, DNA repair, and oxidative stress responses, though basic sister chromatid cohesion is usually intact. Individuals with CdLS may display a combination of facial and limb abnormalities, growth restriction, intellectual disability, behavioral difficulties, and problems involving organs such as the heart, digestive system, kidneys, eyes, and reproductive organs. Mosaicism is relatively common and can influence the severity and variability of symptoms, sometimes making diagnosis more challenging. Genetic testing through targeted gene panels or exome sequencing is key for diagnosis, with careful selection of tissue samples to detect mosaic variants. Prenatal diagnosis is possible in families at risk or when ultrasound findings raise suspicion, but interpretation can be complex. Managing CdLS requires a multidisciplinary approach, including nutritional support, surgical interventions, medications for seizures or behavioral concerns, and ongoing therapies such as physical, occupational, and speech therapy. Despite advances in genomic research, some cases remain unexplained, underscoring the complexity of this condition.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chothave Pradnya, DR.Bhangale Charushila http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
From Concept to Clinic: The Expanding Frontier of Transethosome-Based Drug Delivery Systems
Transethosomes are an emerging class of ultra-deformable, lipid-based Nano carriers designed to overcome the limitations of conventional topical and transdermal drug delivery systems. As hybrid vesicles combining the characteristics of transferosomes and ethosomes, they incorporate phospholipids, ethanol, and edge activators to achieve exceptional flexibility, stability, and skin-penetration capability. This review highlights the fundamental principles, composition, and development of transethosomes, along with a detailed discussion of their various preparation techniques and evaluation parameters, including vesicle size, morphology, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, elasticity, drug release behaviour, and stability. Their unique ability to enhance drug permeation through the stratum corneum enables the effective delivery of molecules ranging from small drugs to large biomacromolecules. Recent advancements demonstrate the broad therapeutic applicability of transethosomes in delivering antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibiotic, hormonal, ant arthritic, antihypertensive, ophthalmic, and cosmetic agents. With improved bioavailability, sustained release profiles, reduced systemic side effects, and high patient compliance, transethosomes represent a highly promising platform for innovative dermal and transdermal drug delivery.
Copyright (c) 2025 Salunke Harshada, Dr.Hangargekar Sachin, DongareDnyneshwar, Bamankar Akshay, Kharosekar Pooja http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pharmaceutical Potentials and Formulation Perspectives of Corallocarpus Epigaeus: A Compehensive Review
Corallocarpusepigaeus, popularly referred to as Akasa Garudan Kizhangu, is a lesser-known but important medicinal plant from the Cucurbitaceae family. In Siddha medicine and local healing traditions, the tuber has long been valued for treating digestive discomfort, reducing swelling, and clearing toxin-related ailments. Scientific investigations have revealed that the plant contains several biologically active groups of chemicals, including cucurbitacins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and various glycosides. These compounds contribute to the plant’s antioxidant effects and its ability to fight inflammation, microbes, and liver-related issues. Although traditional practices highlight its therapeutic value, modern pharmaceutical research on C. epigaeus is still in its early stages. Only limited studies are available on how to extract its active molecules efficiently, how the plant behaves during preformulation and stability testing, or how to convert it into reliable dosage forms. Because of these gaps, the development of standardized herbal medicines from this plant remains a challenge. This review brings together the currently available information on the plant’s botanical features, chemical composition, and biological activities. It also outlines the formulation difficulties that must be addressed. Future research may benefit from exploring advanced nano–drug delivery technologies—such as nanoemulsions, nanosponges, and phytosomes—which can improve solubility, stability, and site-specific delivery of the plant’s active constituents. Stronger collaboration between traditional medicine, phytochemistry, and pharmaceutical sciences could help transform Corallocarpusepigaeus into a dependable herbal therapeutic.
Copyright (c) 2025 M.L. Indhumathi, M. Mumtaj Begum, Dr. B. Premkumar, E. AnbuSelvam, S. Swathi, Anand Kumar Singh, Muhammed Nihal, B. Vaishnav http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analytical Challenges in Herbal Medicine
Herbal medicine has been practiced across cultures for millennia, yet its integration into modern healthcare remains constrained by analytical, regulatory, and validation challenges. Unlike synthetic drugs, herbal formulations are complex mixtures of phytochemicals whose therapeutic efficacy often arises from synergistic interactions. Variability in raw materials—driven by geographic origin, harvesting time, and post-harvest processing—further complicates reproducibility and quality assurance. Conventional analytical techniques such as TLC, HPLC, and GC-MS provide valuable insights but fail to capture the full spectrum of bioactive compounds, while adulteration and contamination pose significant safety risks. Emerging technologies including metabolomics, DNA barcoding, and chemometrics offer promising solutions for authentication, fingerprinting, and multivariate quality control. Case studies on turmeric, ginseng, and ashwagandha highlight the challenges of standardizing phytochemical content and detecting adulterants. Regulatory frameworks differ widely across regions, hindering global harmonization and clinical validation. Advances in sample preparation, GMP protocols, and the integration of AI and machine learning are reshaping herbal analytics, enabling predictive modelling and automated classification. Sustainability, ethical sourcing, and capacity building remain essential to ensure long-term viability. Addressing these challenges through interdisciplinary collaboration and technological innovation will unlock the full therapeutic potential of herbal medicine in global healthcare.
Copyright (c) 2025 Navale Smita A, More Trupti P, Nagtilak Suhas S http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Genetic Testing in Hereditary Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Hereditary cancers, which account for 5–10% of all cancers, are a crucial area of oncology where genetic testing is now the mainstay of risk assessment, prevention, and individualized treatment. The state of genetic testing for inherited cancer syndromes is summarized in this study. We start by distinguishing between sporadic and hereditary malignancies and delving into the scientific underpinnings of inherited mutations, including the ideas of risk and penetrance. It describes how testing techniques have changed throughout time, from single-gene analysis to high-throughput Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and multi-gene panels that have greatly improved diagnostic output. A summary of common syndromes, including Lynch syndrome and Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC), is provided, together with particular lifetime risk information, along with important testing indications. The use of genetic testing in preventative interventions, individualized treatment plans like PARP inhibitors, and improved surveillance is used to assess its clinical usefulness. Significant obstacles, such as the interpretation of Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS), financial constraints, and important ethical issues, are also included in this review. Genetic counseling is highlighted as an essential part of patient care. Lastly, we consider future prospects that highlight the crucial significance of genetic testing in the current era of personalized cancer care, such as the integration of artificial intelligence for variant categorization and the deepening synthesis with precision oncology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mishthi Prajapati, Sanat Mahendra Dhoke, Meensher Thapa Magar, Anjana Surendran, Kashish Solanki, Mahi Patel, Bhavi Patel http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
International Expansion of Indian Pharmaceutical Companies: Trends, Strategies, and Outlook
The Indian pharmaceutical industry has rapidly grown from being a domestic generics supplier to a global healthcare contributor. Today, Indian companies supply nearly 20% of the world’s generic medicines and around 60% of vaccines, positioning the sector as a global lifeline. This paper reviews the industry’s expansion strategies, export trends, and future opportunities while highlighting regulatory hurdles, raw material dependencies, and the industry’s future lies in biosimilars, specialty medicines, and innovation-led growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Singh Deeksha, Jadhav Diksha http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Generic Medicine: Current Scenario in India
India’s generic medicine industry plays a pivotal role in enhancing healthcare accessibility and affordability, both domestically and globally. This review explores the evolution, regulatory framework, government initiatives, market dynamics, and future prospects of generic medicines in India. The introduction highlights the significance of generics in reducing out-of- pocket healthcare expenses, especially in a country where a large portion of the population lacks comprehensive insurance coverage. The paper then examines the rapid growth of the generic pharmaceutical market, driven by robust manufacturing capabilities, supportive policies, and increasing global demand. Government programs such as the Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) have significantly expanded the reach of affordable medicines through Jan Aushadhi Kendras. Regulatory bodies like the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) and frameworks such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) ensure quality assurance, although challenges persist in enforcement and public perception. The review also discusses pricing pressures, competition, and the need for consistent quality control across manufacturers. Opportunities lie in expanding exports, developing biosimilars, and leveraging digital technologies and artificial intelligence to streamline production and distribution. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of sustained policy support, public awareness, and innovation to strengthen India’s position as the “pharmacy of the world.” This comprehensive analysis provides insights into the challenges and opportunities facing India’s generic medicine sector and outlines strategic directions for future growth and global leadership.
Copyright (c) 2025 Komal Mandlik, Dr.Charushila Bhangale http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Musa Paradisiaca It's Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses And Pharmacological Activities
Musa paradisiaca is a medicinally valuable and plentiful nutritious plant that has been popularly used in the traditional medicine systems of Asia, Africa and Latin America. The bioactive phytochemicals are very diverse in all parts of this plant such as the fruit, peel, leaves, pseudostem, and the flowers which contain phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, sterols, triterpenes, alkaloids and dietary fibers. A combination of all these constituents contributes to the plant possessing many pharmacological attributes. The review is an analytical study of the phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal use, mechanism of action, and therapeutic potential of Musa paradisiaca. It is established that the plant possesses great anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through Nrf2 activation, NF-kB and free radical scavenging. It possesses antidiabetic effects due to inhibition of a-amylase and a-glucosidase, enhancement of insulin sensitivity, and b-cells in the pancreas. The other drug effects are antimicrobial, anticancer, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, wound healing and reproductive health as shown in several preclinical studies. Despite the promising outlook of the bioactivity, some significant gaps in research include lack of standardization of the extracts, lack of sufficient mechanistic understanding, limited ability to carry out toxicological assessment and lack of well-designed clinical trials. Future studies should focus on the regions of additional phytochemical characterization, the isolation of the active molecules, nanotechnology-based delivery systems, and clinical validation as a form of therapeutic translation. Overall, Musa paradisiaca is a highly diverse plant that has huge potential of becoming useful in terms of being used as useful functional food, nutraceutical, and phytopharmaceutical. Scientific evidence will also need to be developed further and any research gaps will need to be addressed so as to ensure the full medicinal and industrial potential of it is unlocked.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kavita Narayan Gaisamudre (Sarwade), Prakash Pralhad Sarwade, Kalpana Sonwani, Subhash Chand, Mamta Goswami, Harpreet Kaur, Navin Chandra Pant http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Exploring Lantana camara: A comprehensive insight into its bioactive constituents and therapeutic potential
Lantana camara is a common medicinal shrub that is known to have a wide composition of phytochemicals and has a wide therapeutic scope. The plant has had a traditional significance in treating respiratory disorders, skin ailments, infections, and inflammatory diseases but scientific attention has been given to it because of the existence of bioactive substances, including terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, glycosides, and essential oils. These elements lead to various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, analgesic, hepatoprotective and wound-healing and metabolic regulation. The present review summarizes the existing information on the botanical features, traditional applications, phytochemistry, and the biological activities that have been reported on L. camara. It also presents significant shortcomings in the prevailing literature such as phytochemical profile variability, inconsistency in the methodological approach, lantadene toxicity issues, and absence of clinical validation. The next round of research will focus on adoption of standardized extraction techniques, elaborate toxicity testing, chemotype characterization and clinical trials to confirm the therapeutic claims. On the whole, Lantana camara is a promising but under-investigated source of natural compounds that may be applied in the development of modern drugs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kavita Narayan Gaisamudre (Sarwade), Prakash Pralhad Sarwade, Kalpana Sonwani, Subhash Chand, Rekha Mehta, Navin Chandra Pant http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Development and Validation of UV Spectroscopic Method for the Quantification of Telmisartan in Bulk and Marketed Formulations
Two new simple and accurate solvent blends have been presented for the quantification of Telmisartan (TEL) in bulk and its tablet dosage form. The developed analytical method was validated and established in ICH Q2 (R1). Telmisartan exhibit 298 nm and 291 nm for Solvent A, Solvent B respectively and found was linear for a range of 1 µg/ml to 50 µg/ml.The goodness of fit study suggests good correlation coefficient R2 - 0.9989 and 0.999 for proposed solvents. The validity of Beer’s law with intercept response < 2% calculated by the least square method indicating functional linearity between the concentration of analyte and the absorbance. The (LOD) of Telmisartan was found to be 0.07642±0.1224μg/ml and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of Telmisartan was found to be 0.07642±0.1224μg/ml with %RSD < 2.The analytical method validation of proposed solvent blends was performed by carrying out precision and accuracy studies. The Accuracy percentage recovery on three different levels i.e. 50%, 100% and 150% was found to be within the acceptable limits with RSD < 2. The proposed solvent blends were validated for specificity, precision, ruggedness, accuracy and robustness. Overall study suggest that the proposed solvent blends can be used for quantification of Telmisartan in bulk and its tablet dosage form and can be applied for the everyday quality control analysis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yegnoor Anand Kumar, Ambika Muttal, G hemalatha, Neeladri Srinivasulu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Formulation and Evaluation of Antifungal Nanocream for Topical Drug Delivery
The objective of this study was to develop and optimize a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-based nano cream loaded with Voriconazole for enhanced topical antifungal delivery. Voriconazole, a hydrophobic antifungal agent, exhibits poor aqueous solubility and variable bioavailability, making it a suitable candidate for lipid-based nano systems. Preformulation studies confirmed the drug's purity and solubility profile. Voriconazole was identified as a whitecrystallinepowderwithameltingpointof128–130°Canddemonstratedgoodsolubility in methanol, ethanol, and DMSO. FTIR analysis confirmed the absence of significant drug– excipient interactions. NLCs were prepared via hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication, employing glyceryl monostearate and oleic acid as solid and liquid lipids, respectively, with Tween 80 and Poloxamer 188 as surfactants. A 3² factorial design was utilized to optimize formulations based on particle size and entrapment efficiency .Among the nine experimental batches, Batch F6 exhibited optimal characteristics,with a particle size of 182nm,PD Iof 0.22, zeta potential of –30 mV, entrapment efficiency of 89.41%, and drug loading of 31.8%. Batch F6 was further incorporated into four nano cream formulations (F1–F4), varying in Carbopol 940 and stearic acid concentrations. Formulation F3 was identified as optimal, demonstrating excellent spreadability (6.1 gm.cm/sec), drug content (100.5%), and sustained drug release (79.5%over8hours). Anti fungal activity one of inhibition was found as 38mm. The optimized cream also maintained its physical stability, pH, and drug content under accelerated stability testing. In conclusion, the developed Voriconazole-loaded NLC-based nano cream presents a promising and patient-compliant approach for effective topical antifungal therapy, offering improved drug delivery, stability, and therapeutic efficacy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Payal Mahendra Jadhav, Dr. Ajay Randhir Fugate, Dr. Vishweshwar Mahishankar Dharashive, Vaishnavi Laxmikant Havale http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Formulation & Evaluation of Ketoconazole Antifungal Nanocream
When it comes to delivering active ingredients to and through the skin for a variety of medicinal uses, nanoformulations have a certain position. These provide notable delivery advantages over coarse emulsions and are attractive, reasonably easy to manufacture, and reasonably inexpensive. A key technology opening the door for cutting-edge goods is nano technology. By using materials on a microscopic scale, nanotechnologies can give them new qualities not found in their bigger form. Further more, a vast range of consumer goods that are now available on the market and used in daily life can be altered by this technology. Nano cosmetics is one such fascinate in gareasince nano material can be used to createin nov active products. On the other hand, the manufacturing of UV filters for sunscreens in because they behave differently than larger forms, nanoforms may be more dangerous than larger ones. Numerous studies conducted in the last few decades have shown how successful these delivery technologies are. Furthermore, the creation of novel excipients with prospective applications in nanoformulations keeps opening up new possibilities for formulations with high distribution capacities and low toxicity and irritation. In order to assess the durability of nano-cream preparation, droplet size, electrical conductivity, drug content, pH, and rheological characteristics have all been investigated at various temperatures. Thus, the extraordinary behavior and features of nanomaterials have the potential to significantly alter both industry and human life. In addition to develop an effective, long lasting antifungal Nanocream and examine its antifungal activity and physico chemical properties.
Copyright (c) 2025 Havale Vaishnavi Laxmikant, Dr.Satpute K.L, Waghmare R.S, Jadhav Payal Mahendra, Gandigude Sakshi Santoshrao, Hundekari Shivani Sadashiv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Formulation and Evaluation of Moringa Polyherbal Shampoo
The objective of this study is to develop and formulate an herbal shampoo using safe, natural ingredients, and to evaluate its physicochemical properties to ensure both safety and effectiveness. Shampoo is a hair care product designed to cleanse the hair by removing dirt, oil, dead skin cells, environmental pollutants, and other impurities that accumulate on the scalp and hair. This particular formulation is enhanced with herbal extracts and contains no synthetic additives. The herbal extracts included in the formulation are moringa, shikakai, aloevera, bringraj, neem, amla, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, a herbal shampoo was formulated using a simple mixing technique and subsequently evaluated for various physicochemical properties. The assessment methods included visual inspection, pH measurement, cleansing efficiency, determination of solid content percentage, dirt dispersion, foaming capacity, skin irritation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bindage Rohan, Lohar Kiran, Mane Aditya, Chavan Dinesh, Todkar Rohit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Enhancement of Dissolution of Rivaroxaban Using Complexation with ß-cyclodextrins
The solubilization of poorly soluble drugs belonging to Class II of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) is often a challenge in screening studies of new chemical substances as well as in formulation design and development. One of the most difficult aspects of formulation design is the Solubility properties. A number of methods can be used to improve the solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs and further improve their bioavailability. Rivaroxaban, an anticoagulant, is classified as a poorly soluble BCS class II drug. Solid dispersion technologies provide promising results for improving the oral absorption and bioavailability of BCS class II drugs. The present study highlights the critical role of particle size reduction and increased surface area in improving the solubility, dissolution rate and subsequent bioavailability of rivaroxaban. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of hydrophilic polymers in a inclusion complex and solid dispersion formulation in improving the solubility and dissolution rate of rivaroxaban (RXB), a poorly soluble drug. The solubility studies of drug β-CD systems in water at 25°C revealed that the solubility of drug increased linearly for the preparation of complexes by kneading method.
Copyright (c) 2025 Neha Jain, Akanksha Chaurasiya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Formulation and Evaluation of an Innovative Dual-Action Herbal Mosquito Repellent Perfume
Herbal insect repellents shield users from insects that transmit illnesses and dangerous mosquitoes. Since effective protection frequently necessitates insect repellent with harsh chemicals and disagreeable scents, which deter regular usage, the ongoing danger of mosquito-borne diseases worldwide is troublesome.This work introduces a new approach in insect protection to overcome the tension between consumer demand and public health necessity. We suggest a brand-new, multifunctional personal scent that completely rethinks. By developing a wearable fragrance that not only satisfies the senses but also offers strong protection from mosquitoes, our research pioneers additive method. The composition creates a plant-based, non-toxic substitute for traditional solutions by utilizing the inherent repelling and fragrant qualities of specific essential oils. By designing a product that serves as both an individual aroma and a mosquito repellent, this study presents a fresh, bio-rational strategy for personal protection. We speculate that volatile molecules included in essential oils generated from plants have two inherent qualities: they have a pleasant scent and can interfere with mosquito sensory circuits.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pooja Magar, Akanksha Khamankar, Sumedh Pradhan, Dr.Pravin Wakte http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Development and Characterization of a Ginger-Boswellic Acid Nanoemulgel for Enhanced Topical Delivery in Osteoarthritis Therapy
Osteoarthritis is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and cartilage breakdown, for which conventional oral therapies often suffer from low bioavailability and systemic side effects. In this study, a novel nanoemulgel delivery system was developed to co-deliver boswellic acid (from Boswellia serrata) and 6-gingerol (from Zingiber officinale) topically for localized anti-inflammatory therapy. Nanoemulsions were formulated using oil, surfactant/co-surfactant (Smix), and water, optimized via pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, and then incorporated into a Carbopol 940 gel base. Physicochemical characterization revealed nanosized droplets (145–185 nm) with low polydispersity (PDI ~0.18–0.28), negative zeta potential (up to –26.7 mV), skin-compatible pH (5.2–5.8), suitable viscosity, and good spreadability (~23 g·cm/s for optimal batch). Drug content was high (96–99%) for both active compounds, suggesting efficient encapsulation. In vitro release studies using Franz diffusion cells demonstrated sustained release over 12 hours, with the optimized formulation (G-F3-1.0) showing the best performance. Stability testing under accelerated and long-term conditions confirmed no phase separation, minimal size increase, and maintained drug content. FTIR analysis indicated no significant interaction between the actives and excipients. The developed nanoemulgel offers an effective topical strategy for delivering anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents directly to arthritic tissue, potentially reducing systemic exposure and improving patient compliance. This approach presents promising therapeutic potential for managing chronic joint inflammation in osteoarthritis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nitin kumar, Dr.Indu Mittal, Iram Rajput http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0